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Efficiency is doing things at low cost. Effectiveness is doing the things that produce a result.
Position as at August 2026
A business can be highly efficient at activities that produce nothing. That is the common failure, and it explains why cost cutting programmes often leave a business worse off.
Your accounts team processes supplier invoices at low cost per invoice. Efficient.
Half those invoices are for subscriptions and services nobody uses. Not effective.
Cutting the cost per invoice by 20% saves a small amount. Cancelling the unused services saves the whole amount, and nobody was measuring that.
Four places, in order of size.
Pricing set once and never revisited. Costs rise annually. Prices often do not. This quietly consumes margin and it is the largest single item on this list.
Services paid for at rates agreed years ago. Suppliers rarely reduce a price nobody questions.
Work done that nobody asked for. Reports produced monthly because they always have been. Nobody reads them.
Customers served below cost. Usually one or two, usually known informally, rarely quantified.
None of these are efficiency problems and none are solved by working harder.
Pricing. Compare your prices today to three years ago, against your costs today versus three years ago. If prices moved less than costs, you have found your margin.
Overheads. List every recurring payment, biggest first. Ask what each buys and when it was last negotiated. An afternoon.
Activity. Ask your team what they produce monthly that nobody responds to.
Customer profitability. Revenue by customer less the direct cost of serving them. Businesses routinely discover a large customer they are subsidising.
Because it is applied evenly, and effectiveness is not evenly distributed.
Cutting 10% across the board removes 10% of what works alongside 10% of what does not. The waste is concentrated in specific places, and finding those places is the work.
Not cost. Return.
For each significant cost, what would happen if you stopped? Some answers are immediate and severe. Some are nothing at all.
The nothings are your savings, and they are usually larger than any efficiency programme would find.
The most common effectiveness failure is a business line kept because it has always existed, carried by a profitable line nobody has separated it from.
Revenue by service line, less direct costs, once a year. It is not a difficult analysis and it is avoided because of what it might show.
We produce customer and service line profitability as part of management reporting. Send your revenue analysis and cost breakdown.
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